A hybrid film (MWCNTs-RuOx⋅nH2O) which contains multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) along with the incorporation of ruthenium oxide (RuOx⋅nH2O) has been synthesized on glassy carbon electrode (GCE), gold (Au), indium tin oxide (ITO) and screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by potentiostatic methods. The presence of MWCNTs in the hybrid film enhances surface coverage concentration (Γ) of RuOx⋅nH2O to ≈2100%. The surface morphology of the hybrid film deposited on ITO has been studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These two techniques reveal that the RuOx⋅nH2O incorporated on MWCNTs. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study too reveals the incorporation of MWCNTs and RuOx⋅nH2O. The MWCNTs-RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film exhibits promising enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the biochemical compounds such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. The electrocatalytic responses of these analytes at RuOx⋅nH2O, MWCNTs and MWCNTs-RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid films have been measured using cyclic voltammetry. The obtained sensitivity values from electrocatalysis studies of analytes for MWCNTs-RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film are higher than the RuOx⋅nH2O and MWCNTs films. Finally, the flow injection analysis has been used for the amperometric studies of analytes at MWCNTs-RuOx⋅nH2O hybrid film modified SPCEs.
Chien-Chieh Ti,Yogeswaran Umasankar,Shen-Ming Chen.
Electroanalysis,21,16,1855-1861(2009)