Development of glucose sensor is very much attention owing to its vital roles in different fields, including clinical diagnosis, food industries, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis and fuel cells [1]. In addition, more than 200 million peoples are affected by diabetes it is becoming a major affection throughout the world [2]. Therefore, the blood glucose needs to be measured with low- cost, high sensitivity and selectivity. Nowadays, glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized enzyme electrodes have been used for glucose determination due to their high sensitivity and selectivity [3]. However, the enzyme electrodes have many drawbacks such as poor stability, high cost, critical operational temperature and complicated immobilization procedure. Moreover, the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase (GOx) has been affected by temperature and pH [4]. Hence, the non-enzymatic glucose sensor is more considerable one due to the developing, challenging and greatly demanded. So far, the carbon-based nanomaterials modified electrodes are widely used for the non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Especially, the carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode act as a good electrode material for glucose oxidation. Due to its unique properties, such as high surface area, good conductivity, high electrocatalytic activity and biocompatibility [5, 6, 7]. On the other hand, SPCE has more attraction due to its simplicity, low cost and easy modification with a variety of nanoparticles, requiring no pre-treatment such as electrode polishing [8-12]. Interestingly, the main objective of the enzyme-free modified SPCE was used as a personal glucose sensor by the diabetes patients [13-15]. Besides, for the electrode fabrication they have widely used the noble metals [16], metal alloys [17] and metal nanoparticles [18]. Even though, the metal nanoparticles are an important strategy in the fabrication of non-enzymatic glucose sensors such as Au [19], Ag [20], Pt [21], Ni [22], Cu [23] and Pd [24]. Furthermore, it has been exhibited better electrocatalytic performance towards glucose oxidation. Due to increasing the surface area and enhanced mass transport reaction [25-27]. The electrochemically deposited NiNPs electrode used to construct a high efficient and disposable non- enzymatic glucose sensor [28, 29]. Nickel (Ni) is a ferromagnetic, hard and ductile metal and it is used as a cathode material in fuel-cell. Moreover, it has been used as an alternate metal for expensive noble metals such as Au, Pt, and Ag [30]. In addition, increasing the catalytic activities of NiNPs based glucose sensors due to the agglomeration of NiNPs on the electrode surface. The catalytic process of the NiNPs modified electrodes through the formation of a high -valent oxyhydroxide species (NiOOH) in alkaline medium. The NiNPs modified electrodes have better stability and anti-fouling performance [31]. Y. Zhang et al reported non-enzymatic glucose sensor by RGO/NiNPs modified GCE electrode [33]. Here, we have proposed a non-enzymatic sensor using ASPCE/NiNPs for simple and selective detection of glucose without using carbon-based nanomaterials.
Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran,Subramanian Sakthinathan,Shen-Ming Chen,Chia Ming Lee,Bih-Show Lou,Pedaballi Sireesha,Chaochin Su.
Int.J.Electrochem.Sci.,11,7934-7946(2016)